Internal-combustion engine



J. T. BOOTH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed A1194. 28

; 12 Sheets-Shet 1 I Sept, 18, 1923;

J. 'r. BOOTH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Auz. 28. 1 922 '12, Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 18,1923.

- 1,468,225 J. T. BOOTH INQIZERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE I f iled Aug. 28 1922 .12 ee tsSheet 3 Sept. 18,1923. 1,468,225

' J. T. BOOTH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Aug. 28. 1922 12 Sheets-Sheet 4 Sept. 18 1 923. I 1,468,225

- J. T. BOOTH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 28. 1922 12 sheets-sh et s Sept. 18,1923; 1,468225 J. T. BOOTH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE v I Filed A112. 28. r922 12 Sheets-Sheet e Spt. 18 19 23.

J. T. BOOTH INTERNAL QOMBUS'IION ENGINE Filed Aug. 28. 1922 12 Sheets-Sheet '7 Sept. 18,1923. 1,468,225

J. T. BOOTH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 28. 1922 12 Sheets-Sheet 10 Sept. 18', '1923.

I J. T. BOOTH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed'AuZ. 2a. 1922 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 Patented Sept. 18,1923.

JOHN THOMAS-BOOTH; or B'IBMINGHAM, nne'LAND.

INTERNAL-GOMBUSTIoN ENGINE.

Application filed August 28; 1 922. Serial No. 584,745.

. England, have invented certain new Improvements in Internal Combustion En ginesand Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same. 7 r This invention relates to internal com bustion engines and is intended primarily for two stroke engines.

In two stroke engines as at present usually constructedit is the custom to draw the explosive mixture into the crank case and to establish a connection between the crank case and theworkingcylinder so that the charge is able to enterthe, cylinderbehind theexhaust gases so as to remove. them from the cylinder.- One of theidisadvantages'associated with this method is a certain waste of explosive mixture and the primary object of the'presentinvention is to provide :l construction wherein a definite volume of (XjY-lOSlfl} illifitlll'e at .a definite pressure is supplied lo the cylinder at each cycle of o erationsb engin .is provided with a reciprocating valve controlling: the inlet of mixture to-the pumping cylinder and a receivino' chamber which receives the mixture from the pump-- in; cylinder and a valve controlling the,

passage of the mixture from the receiver to the working of the cylinder. V

The valve which controls the inlet of mixturelo the pumping cylinder, which may be referred to as the inlet valve, and'th'e valve which governs the passage of mixture from the receiver to the working cylinder, which maybe referred to as the transfer valve. may be both operated from the'same shaft by means of connecting rods or equivalent means. V 1 lily invention is particularly applicable to two stroke engines having two or multiples of two cylinders and "for each unit of two cylinders I may provide one reciprocatin;- inlet valve and one receiver, and one reciprocatingtransfer valve. o .Referring to the drawings:-'

Figure lis a transverse sectional end view showing one form of the invention. i Figure 2 is a sectional view on line 22 in Figure '3 valve employed both in, the construction .shown in Figure l and in on the line 3-3 in Figure 1.

Figure.

V line,9-9 of Figure 8.

in a position with the induction pipe and one pump cylinder.

Figure 1 but showing the valve in which it communicates is a cross section ofthe inlet Figure, 4:, taken on, the line in Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a. transver e sectional end viewshowi'ng another method 'of'carrying the invention into efi'ect.

- Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on line16-6 in Figure 5-.

Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional side elevation of the construction shown 'in Figure '5 taken on the line 7- 7, in that Figure s a transverse sectional view Figure 8 isa sectional view in side elevla tion on line GD ofFigure 9. V

Figure 9 is a part-sectional plan lviewon' I Figure 10 is a'sectional end viewon line lil--F-ofl igure 9. c i

Figure 11 is a sectional .viewfon the line 11-1Jl in Figure 9.

Figure 12- is a sectional Vertical" view the invention; 1 y

Figure 13 is a scctional view .in side eleva tion on line GH of Figure 12.

Figure 1a? is a sectional view on line 1%14 in Figure 12. M r

Figure 151s a sectional view on the line FigurerlG isa diagram showing a further "working cylinders 3, the axis of the receiv- A i showiue another method ofcar-rying out 7 licrordine to the present invention the v ing chamber l beina at right angles to the V axes of the cylinders while the transfer valve consists of va sleeve working in the cylinder arranged between the upper parts of the two workin which is at'right angles -thereto.-

10o g cylinders upon anaxis Y Any other convenient relationship of the.

two valves and receivermayrbe employed butit 1S preferred 'always' to place the receiver near'the work ng cylinder heads so that the gases inythe'receiver will be'the t more thoroughly vaporized.

The :inlet 'valve 5" comprises a ported I. I cylindrical valve working in a cylinder 6 The pumping cylinders 9 are arranged beneath or at the forward ends of the work-- ing cylinders 3, the working pistons 3 being provided, with an enlarged portion 9 for operating in the pumpin cylinders in the known way. I

Passages 10 are provided leading from. the cylinder 6 which contains the inlet valve to the pumping cylinders, assuming that there are two. T he inlet valve 5 is provided with two ports 11 and 12 which are spaced: apart along the length of the cylinder which forms the valve, one 11 of which serves to place the induction pipe 13 in communication :with one pump cylinder 9, and the other 12 servesto place the: induction pipe into com-- munication with the other pump cylinder 9. The inlet valve is hollow and the ports 11. and 12 pass across thevalve and are isolated from its'interior-by the diaphragms 5 -5 respectively which form closed passages within the valve (see Figures 2 and The inlet valve is also provided with ports 14; and l5--which connuunicate with the hollow interior of the valve and are adapted to receive the gas as it .passcsl'rom the pump associated with one workingr cylinder when it passes through the hollow interior of the inletvalvc- -through the openin 5" into the lower end of the valve cylinder and from there through the passage 16- to the receiving chamber 1. The lower end of the inlet valve is open and the upper end is closed.

Instead of being constructed in the manner above described the inlet-valve may be constructed like two piston valves joined. togetherbv a. hollow ccntral trunk. Each. piston portion is provided with a port'lor establishing communicationbetween the induction pipe and a pumping cylinder and between the two piston like portions the gas is able-toqenter as it passes from the pumping cylinders to the receiving chamber.

The inlet-valve 5 is driven by a connectin nod 17 connected to a crank 18 upon the shaft T which is driven by gearin from the main shaft 8 of the engine and when the inletvalve isin its inidposition the crank and connecting rod are substantially at rightanglessothat thesaid valve willhave quick: opening and closing movements.

The transfer valve 2 consists of a sleeve working in acylinder land h'avingtwo This shaft 7 may When this valve isL-in either of its end posit-ions, i. e. a position wherein it has placed the receiving chamber in coinmnnicatiion with one of 'the working cylinders, its'connecting rod and crank are substantially in alignment so that i nfthese positions the motion oil the valve 2'is at its slowest.

A port 26 isprovrded'leading from the f -1-eeeiver into the cylinder 4-, which port allows of the passage of the 'gas fromthe receiver through the ports 19 or into the Working cylinders.

In the arrangementshown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 i in a cylinder which has its axis parallel to the axesof the workin ;cylinders.the inlet instead of placingthe inlet valve valve l'i-is arran ed in flal-cylinderflil which also contains the transfer valve 2. In this arrangement the inlet and transfer valves are operated from two separate shafts 23 andZl. Each of these shafts is however,

driven by positive gearing trom the crank shaft 8 ot the engine and in one arrange rnent an endless driving chain 25' may be employed passing over three shafts.

ln'this'casc the gas passes under control 0'! the valve 5 'i rom the induction piple through one of the portstill tllrthrough the passages in the valve which are closed by diaphrap'n s 62 into either of the passages 63 or6l to the pump cylinders 65 or66.

From there the gasistrans terred through the ports 67' to the interior of the valve and trout there through the opening; 68 in the end. into the receiver 69. r Y

The 'asthen. passes from the receiver 69 by way of the open inner end of the valve 2 thronnh one otthe parts 7071 into the combustion space ol the cylindcr 72 or '73, as thocasc may be. is-shown in Figure'7.

. In the constru tion shown in Figurcs'S, 9, l0 and 11; the invention is' shown applied to atour cylinder eng ine-in which two of the working cylinders .27 are provided with,

pumps 28 wh-ilethe other two working cylinders 29 have no pumps. The arrangement is such that the, volume of the pump cylindcrsQS is suflicient for the supply of fuel to all four working cylinders. I

A. valve 3f) .is provided tor controlling the inlet of gas to. the pump cylinders 28 and for controlling: the transfer of the 'as: from i the pump cylinders to the receivers 31.

Each: receiver isprovided with n piston 32 which operates as-a-valve by its actionrot sprockets upon. the

lllfi iii ' 36 fronia crank shaft or its equivalent which may be geared to, the main crank shaft of the engine.

to the pistons 32 1 The'valve 80 operates in a valve cylinder '38 and leading i'ntothis cylinder is apassage v 39 to which the induction pipe is connectedn The passage 39 has two branches as shown 'to one pump and the other branchof the passage 39' into communication'with the .port '41 which leads to the other pump.

hen thevalve is in the position shown in which the induction pipe is in communi cation with the passage 40, the transfer cavity'35 places the passage 41 from 'the other pump into communication with the passage 42 leading to one of the'receivers 31.

As will be seen from Figure 9 the two receivers are connected by a pipe '43.

' The receivers are supplied with a definite volume of gas by the up-stroke of the engine: and this gas is distributed by the action of the piston valves 32 to the four working cyl indc'rs through the ports 33 assho -vvn inliigure 9. r i

At the moment of commencing to open to about to open for intake and transfer, the connecting rod 36 IS substantially at right angles to its crank or equivalent so that in these positions the valve 30 is moving at its maximum speed v nnum Speed.

thus giving a quick opening and closing of the intake and transfer ports. ()n the other hand. while the intake and transfer ports are substantially "fully open, the valve is moving at its minimum speed.

in the construction shown in Figures 12, 13. i4 and the invention is shown applied to a two cylinder engine whereinadjacent to the cylinder heads are provided an inlet valve cylinder 44 and a transfer valve cylinder 45. These two cylinders are parallel as shown.

In the cylinder, 44 operates a valve which is similar in construction to the valve 30 described with reference to Figure 10. This valve operates in conjunction with a two branched inlet port 39 and with pump ports 40 and 41. the arrangement of which is virtually the same as in the construction shown in Figure 10. The valve 30 is also provided with the cavity 35 which'places the pump ports alternately into communication The crank shaft or its e'quivalent which drives the connecting-rod 36:1nay

also drive the-connecting rods 37 attached The" angle between the cnnks having the crank pins'54 and 55 is '13, the arrangement being such-that when theinlet valve 30*isjust beginning to openv and the reciprocation of the valve 30 alternately places one branch of thepassage 39 into communication with a port 40-leadin g' suitable manner shown in Figure. '10

intodiSS.

. ing rod tangles to its crank opening of the the radial lines by a transfer valve 48; which reciprocates in,

the cylinder The transfer fvalve' 48 is provided with a transfer cavity 49 or transv fer port or-passage which alternately the receiVerGinto communication with the working cylindersfiO.

The valves and 48 inthis construction" are operated from the same crankshaft 51.

and58 working ofi places connectiilgr rods 52 as shown, the transfer valve 48" is? fully open. I 5

In these positions the inlet valve isurnoving -quickly as i i at right angles toits connect. theijtransfer yalve iscrank and connecting in alignment.

The crank shaft 5 1' may be driven in. any such asa skew gearing 56 I g rodwhile moving slowly as its rod are substantlally which is shown.

a In the diagram shown in Figure 16 are shown intake valve 30 s milar to that in combination with a transfer'ValvejQ as employed in The valve 301i; driven'hy a. connect 57 whilje'the valve 2 is driven'by a (I011 f The"coilnccting rod 5'? iSIfOKP nectcd tofa m'aukpin 59 while the connect 5S isconnected' to a crank'piu 60. Tu the i josition shown the intake valve is i the inlet of and its connecting rod '57 or equivalent so that the approximately its max- The period of openingof the intake valve extends from the position shown to a position in which the crank hasrotated through about semi-circle so that when the. intake valve closes it ,is again moving at its maximum speed. ,VliGil the intake valve is fully opened however. the connecting rod 57 is in alignment with its crank so'that the valve at its minimum speed. V

Thetrans'fer valve 2 is shown in a position in which it is "fully open and the connecting rod 58 is crank so that the transfer valve is moving at its minimum speed. The angle through which the crank ing rod, 58 moves during the period of transfer valve, is shown by c-b so that it will be seen that during the whole period in which the transfer valve is open,'the transfer valve is moving relatively slowly. I

valve is moving at is substzuitially at right connected to the connect shown in Figure itsjcrankapproximately i ni nre 1.

30 is then moving .120 in alignment with its" Although I have described my invention as applied to two cylinder engines or engines having multiples of two cylinders, it can be applied to single cylinder engines.

hat I claim then is 1. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a working cylinder, a working piston in said cylinder, a pump cylinder, a pump piston integral with said working piston in said pump cylinder, a receiving chamber "for gas delivery from the pump cylinder, a valve cylinder,-an inlet passage for gas in said cylinder, a port connecting said cylinder with the pump cyl-' inder, a hollow reciprocating inlet valve in said valve cyl nder, a closed transverse port inisaid valve, a port in said valve communi eating with its hollow interior, a passage from the valve cylinder to the receiver, a

passage from the receiver to the work n cylinder, and an independent reciprocating transfer valve controlling the passage front the receiver to the working cylinder.

2.,In an internal combustion engine the combination of a working cylinder, a working piston in said cylinder, pump cylinder,

a pump piston in said pump cylinder, a- I'BCQlVHIg chamber for delivered from reciprocating said transfer valve, said inlet valve being fully open when in mid position for the passage 01": gas to the pump cylinder and said transfer valve having its open position near the ends of its stroke for the passage of gas to the working cylinder.

3. In aninternalcombustiOn engine the combination of a plurality of workingcylinders, pumping cylinders associated with some of said working cylinders, pistons in; said working and pump cylinders, a recelver for delivered by. the pumping pistons,

1 an inlet aassae'e for as leadin to the min) cylinder, a passage from the pump cylinder to the receiver, a passage from the receiver to the working cylinder, a single reciprocating inlet valve disposedwithin the said inlet passage and in the'passage, frornthe pump cylinder to the receiver-to control the inlet of gas to all the pumping cylinders and the passage of gas from the pumping cylinders to the receiver, an independent reciprocating transfer valve controlling the passage of gas from the receiver to the working cylinders, and means for: moving said valves. r y

4. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a plurality *of workingcylinders, pumping cylinders associated with some of said working cylinders, pistons in said working and pump cylinders, a receiver for gas delivered by the pumping piston, 21 single reciprocating inlet valve controlling the inlet of gas to all the pumping cylinders and the passageof gas from the pumping cylinders to the receiver, a pair of reciprocating transfer valves arranged parallel to said inlet valve, and means for moving said valves. 7 r

In witness whereof I ailix my signature.

JOHN THOMAS BOOTHv 

